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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a deadly hemorrhagic fever having a high mortality rate. The disease results from infection of an individual by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), which is a tick-borne bunyavirus endemic in Southern and Eastern Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Geographically, case distribution is consistent with the range of Hyalomma genus ticks, the main reservoir of CCHFV, and is likely to expand due to climate change. Humans may be infected from tick bites, through contact with infected animals or animal tissue.

The technology discloses composition of compounds that are highly selective P2Y14 receptor antagonists,
with moderate affinity with insignificant antagonism of other P2Y receptors. These compounds might provide a
treatment for patients for various disease conditions, including lung inflammation, kidney inflammation,
asthma, diabetes, obesity, and neuropathic pain of diverse states. In vivo data using mouse lines with the
receptor knocked out in specific tissues showed that P2Y14 receptor antagonists act on adipocytes to improve

Influenza A and B viruses can cause seasonal flu epidemics ― commonly known as the “flu season” ― and infect the nose, throat, eyes, and lungs in humans. Typically, flu seasons that are dominated by influenza A (H3N2) virus activity have higher associated hospitalizations and deaths in at-risk groups, such as people ages 65 and older and young children. Influenza A (H3N2) virus can also cause respiratory disease in animals, such as canines and swine.

Scientists at NIAID have developed two immortalized stable B cell lines from rhesus macaques that can have value as research tools for the discovery of neutralizing antibodies of simian origin against HIV and that may have value in the development of an HIV vaccine. These B cell lines encode human Bcl-6 and Bcl-xL proteins, which are major regulators of apoptosis. These B cell lines are derived from the lymph node of a rhesus macaque (RM) that was infected with SHIV.CH505.

The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its immune-escaping variants have led to global COVID-19 pandemic/endemic, underscoring the urgent need for effective vaccines with strong and durable immune responses.

This technology includes the use of thymic stromal lymphopoetin (TSLP) for the treatment of MRSA. Our studies show that mouse neutrophils express the TSLP receptor, TSLPR, and that TSLP protein is increased during cutaneous MRSA infection. Using in vitro MRSA whole blood killing assays, we show that TSLP acts on mouse neutrophils to enhance MRSA killing. In an in vivo MRSA intradermal ear infection, TSLPR-deficient mice exhibit increased MRSA burden compared to wild-type mice.

This technology includes irradiated Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (EBV-LCL) as feeder cells for the ex vivo expansion of natural killer (NK) cells. EBV-LCL feeder cells, altered by radiation to prevent uncontrolled growth, provide a supportive environment for NK cells to multiply effectively. This method addresses the challenge of obtaining sufficient quantities of functionally active NK cells, which are crucial components of the immune system known for their ability to target and destroy tumor cells and virally infected cells.

The technology described involves the use of a compound called prazole as an anti-viral agent specifically targeting HIV-1. It was found that prazole binds to a protein called Tsg101, which is crucial for the virus's life cycle. This binding disrupts the normal interaction of Tsg101 with another protein, ubiquitin, thereby inhibiting the release of HIV-1 particles from infected cells. Additionally, the interference caused by prazole leads to the degradation of the viral protein Gag within host cells.

This technology includes an IgA antibody, specifically designed to target the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. Administered intranasally, this antibody has potential neutralizing activity, aiming to prevent COVID-19. IgA, an antibody class present in mucosal areas, plays a crucial role in immune defense at the initial site of viral infection. The primary application of this technology is envisioned as a therapeutic nasal spray, intended to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in high-risk populations.

This technology involves the utilization of highly effective nanobodies, specifically camelid antibodies, derived from immunized llamas to neutralize SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, it employs a unique mouse model, called a "nanomouse," that is engineered to express antibody genes from camels, alpacas, and dromedaries. These nanobodies offer significant advantages over traditional human and mouse antibodies due to their smaller size, which allows them to effectively target and bind to specific areas on antigens.